99% of digital data passes through the submarine cable

Or rather the submarine cables, the specialized site TeleGeography counted 486 of them, against less than half in 2009. The first cables were laid in the 1988th century between Europe and the American continent following the development of the telegraph. Since XNUMX the classic copper cables have been replaced by fiber optics. The geopolitical stakes are obvious, without cable more communication possible, and China and the United States clash openly via their operators.

Traditionally the major telephone operators were the operators of the submarine cables. Related to telephony, they manufactured them, installed them, maintained them, watched them and often operated them. These operators such as Alcatel Submarine Networks, Louis Dreyfus Travocean, Orange Marine, Telefonica, have become a minority or reduced to the rank of associates. Over the past fifteen years, silicone valley companies have invested heavily in it, meeting their growing needs for data transfers, reaching new markets in Third World countries and also enabling information control. . They openly pose a challenge to the digital sovereignty of States.

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